Public Health Proposal

adit macrocosm growth is one of the major challenges the world is facing at present. The growing commonwealth may have significant impacts in closelyness and providence of the country. Hence, it is necessary to address the issues raised in wellness and providence receivable to growing population. Identifying the exact cause and issues associated with population growth ordain help to specifically address these issues and implement st evaluategies to minimize their consequences. In this report, nigh of the major issues associated with the growing population of Newham, the problems faced by population of unlike age stems living this bea, as well as their potential wellness and economic challenges have been extensively reviewed and attempted to identify. Major issues of Newham roostnts including deprivation, health and benefit are exclusively reviewed with the analysis of data. more than than specifically, this report focuses the profile of Newham residents in greater detail to on a lower floorstand the demographic challenges (total population, population density, ethnic assortment etc.) and opportunities for delivering sustainable economic growth. Furthermore, emphasis is given on the issues of deprivation ( meagerness by ethnic group, age, intensity etc.) and health and public assistance (life antepast and illness, access to e realday health etc.)Background and contextNewham is a heights uply deprived borough with gritty pass judgment of deprivation that affects children and older population of it. But importantly, currently Newham has a young and diverse population that is active working(a) age population. However, the population of Newham has been reported to be rising in a importantly high gear rate (Local economic assessment 2010-2027). Furthermore, the poverty of in Newham is reported to be high. Also, the life expectancy of nation living in Newham is wretcheder when compared to the raft living in other parts of capital of the United Kingdom, suggesting the existence of health and well-being issues in Newham. Thus, it seems important to review and address every single work out that is associated with deprivation, poverty and health and well-being of Newham population (Local economic assessment 2010-2027).2.1 Population in Newham (size, ethni city, religion and age)Newham has a diverse range of deal with opposite ethnicities, languages and culture. check to the 2011 count, the population of Newham was reported to be 307,984. This figure was the highest of all internal capital of the United Kingdom boroughs, and the 7th highest in greater capital of the United Kingdom (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).The census of 2011 withal reported the 23.5% increase in the Newham population than counted in 2001, which is also the second highest growth in the country (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013). One of the major ciphers for high population growth in Newham could be the high immigration from nearby towns a nd cities. Moreover, number of asylum seekers and refuges are predicted to be high in Newham although no exact figure has been published yet by the nursing home office (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).People with different ethnicities reside in Newham that implicate the mixture of Asiatic, White and African people. Thirty different ethnic communities with three hundred spoken languages is the principal(prenominal) feature of Newham population (Harris, 2008). Surprisingly, moreover 16.7% of British (White) reside in Newham. The figure seems discontinuee high for Bangladeshi and Black African population. Census of 2011 also reported that Newham has a mixture of people silky different religions, with majority of people fol crusheding Christianity (40%). new(prenominal) major religions in Newham include Islam and Hinduism.Despite of several pitfalls, Newham has one of the youngest age structures in England and Wales (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013). The figure suggests that 68% o f people living in Newham are indoors the age group of 16-59, suggesting Newham has a high proportion of active working age population. The rest 32% make up the children and aged population. approach to the gender division in the population, Newham has the male population of 52% and feminine population of 47.9% (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).2.2 Employment and economic statusMore than 68% of Newham populations are classed as economically active despite of high percentage of young and working age population (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013). This is mainly because unemployment rate of Newham is comparatively higher(prenominal) than of London and other Britain citiesThe most horrible fact of Newham is that only very 53.6% of female population in Newham is reported to be economically active, which provides the rationale behind the deplorable economy of Newham, another figure which is most shocking is that among those who were economically electrostatic, did not want an employment. Moreover, the data suggests that 19% of economically inactive people could not work due to long term illness, suggesting health as another major factor for Newhams vile economy. Moreover, Newham has a fewer workers in management and overlord occupations, suggesting a shortage of competent workers. Also, full time workers in Newham are only 66.3%, which seems significantly low (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).To conclude, despite of high percentage of working age population, low employment rate seems one of the prominent factors behind the execrable economy of Newham. High population growth rate, long term illness and slight involvement of female in the employment are some of the main rationales behind low employment rate of Newham.2.3 Deprivation Deprivation is thrifty by analyzing the employment rate, education level, health status and disability and housing. According to the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), the borough of Newham was ranked 3rd most derived city in Englan d. Poverty seems to be high and growing in Newham. More so, child poverty is considered to be a major problem in Newham. 32% of the borough children were reported to be living in poverty, with planetary house earning little than 60% of median earnings (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).Coming to the housing in Newham, it is reported that Newham is ranked bottom in England in its households proportion with only 2 people, and first in households with more than 5 people. Cencus 2011 reported that household in Newham is of 3 persons in average, which was settle down higher than the average in England and Wales. In addition, 27% of houses in Newham were not found to be under standard living condition. Furthermore, homeless is another major issue that Newham is facing, which is well-nigh 1.1 homeless households per thousand households (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).Health and well-being packsIssues associated with health are arguably the greatest problem the Newham population is facing at present. Health of Newham people is ugly, as well as life expectancy is reported to be lower than of average England population, this could be linked with poor employment rate and poverty living in Newham.Cardiovascular unsoundness remains the major cause of demolitions in Newham population, which kills about 30% of Newham people. This is followed by cancer and respiratory distempers, which are responsible for 25% and 12% deaths in Newham population (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).There could be several fortune factors that are associated with cardiovascular unsoundness in Newham. In addition to direct seek factors such as smoking, obesity, diet and high blood pressure, diverse ethnicity could be another major factor for high rate of cardiovascular disease death in Newham, which is suggested in several studies A study by Mathur (2011) suggested that the burden of cardiovascular disease varies by ethnicity. They also suggested that people who migrate from sulphur Asian cou ntries to Western countries have the higher pass judgment of coronary thrombosis thrombosis heart disease compared to White and African people. In the study they suggested that coronary heart disease causes about 40% of deaths in South Asians. Moreover, poor health literacy, socioeconomic deprivation and organization barriers could be the cause for high CVD in Newham population (Claydon, 2013). Thus, it seems obvious that ethnicity is the major risk factor for the high rate of cardiovascular disease in Newham. Genetics, as well as dietary factors could have a link with certain ethnic groups in Newham that trigger heart disease in them.The correlation between diabetes and CVD is well established (Punthakee, 2007). The excessive level of glucose and its metabolites in the circulation and low level of insulin secretion can directly induce toxic effects on vascular endothelium resulting in endothelium dysfunction, lipid abnormalities and inflammation (Punthakee, 2007). Claydon (2013) suggested that diabetes is more prevalent in areas of socioeconomic deprivation. Newham being one such area seems to have high prevalence of diabetes and associated cardiovascular disease. In the study they also suggested that people from ethnic nonage group in a deprived London borough with the problems of poor health literacy, socioeconomic deprivation and organization barriers could significantly impact their health. Furthermore, it suggested that mortality rate of diabetes itself is in Newham population is higher than the England average. Ethnicity being a major risk factor for diabetes may have been associated with high mortality rate due to diabetes in Newham.However, the risk factor high prevalence of respiratory disease on Newham population still remains unexplained. Although a study by Martin, et.al (2012) showed that ethnicity is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), a form of chronic respiratory disease, interestingly, the disease was seen less prevalent in people of Asian and African origin compared to White people. One reason behind this could be that in their study, White people were recorded to be active range of a function smokers compared to Asian and African people, which was the another major finding in their study. Thus, it still seems unclear what could be the major factor for high prevalence of respiratory disease in Newham where majority of people are of Asian and African origin and demands further study.Harriss and Salway (2008) suggested the social and economic consequences of long-term illnesses including cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, arthritis and mental disease for deprived groups and ethnic minority group. They suggested that these groups have the highest rates of long term illnesses, which further provides the rationale behind high rates of cardiovascular disease, cancer and respiratory disease in Newham population. However, the finding was impertinent in a study by Pavalin (200 7) who comparatively studied the socio-economic inequalities in health between Newham and UK. The study suggested that despite having higher prevalence of poor health and high service use, the relative effects of socio-economic inequalities to be alike(p) to those in the UK, suggesting no major impact of socio-economic inequalities in the health of people living in Newham.Newham also has a high rate of contractable diseases. The rate of HIV infection in Newham is high (0.56%). This figure is significantly higher than in England (0.11%). Not surprisingly, 65% of infected are portentous Africans. Other infectious diseases including tuberculosis, measles, mumps, salmonella, hepatitis A and B are higher in Newham. Overall, the rate of communicable disease in Newham is found to be 124 per 100,000 (NHS Newham, 2011). Other health issues associated with obesity, smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity are also found to be high in Newham population (NHS Newham, 2011).AnalysisAfter having r eviewed the available literature and reports on Newham and its associated problems, the following data have been collected for analysis.Table 1 shows the comparative details of employment status of Newham residents in 2011-2012Table 1 Employment status of Newham population, London and Great Britain (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013). %NewhamLondonGreat Britain Economically active67.775.576.7 In employment57.268.670.5 Employees48.656.360.5 Self-employed7.811.99.6 Unemployed (model-based)13.78.97.9The comparative data for life expectancy in Newham, London, England and UK population is shown in table 2.Table 2 Life expectancy comparability of Newham population with London, England and UK population (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013). Female Life Expectancy anthropoid Life Expectancy Newham81.176.2 London83.379.0 England82.678.6 UK82.378.2Table 3 compares the occupations of Newham people with occupations of people in London and overall in Great Britain.Table 3 Occupations of people living in Newham, London and Great Britain (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013). % NewhamLondonGreat Britain Soc 2010 major group 1-3 33.354.643.5 1 Managers, directors and senior officials 6.011.610.1 2 Professional occupations 18.524.819.1 3 Associate professional & technical 8.517.914.0 Soc 2010 major group 4-5 24.518.121.9 4 Administrative & secretarial 13.010.611.0 5 Skilled trades occupations 11.37.410.8 Soc 2010 major group 6-7 18.713.617.3 6 Caring, leisure and Other armed service occupations 10.67.29.1 7 Sales and customer service occupations 7.96.38.1 Soc 2010 major group 8-9 23.513.717.4 8 Process plant & machine operatives 5.74.56.4 9 Elementary occupations 17.69.110.9 The boroughs with the highest rates of untimely death are all in the Inner East & South Lambeth, Islington, Hackney and Tower Hamlets all have rates above 210 per 100,000. Newham stays on the sixth highest position in high untimely death rate among all the boroughs (Trust for London and New Policy Institute, 20 10).Figure1 Comparison of premature death in different boroughs in UK RecommendationsIt seems that health issues of Newham people are lot more serious compared to some other cities in the UK. Thus, individual issue needs to be addressed to minimize the mortality associated with poor health in Newham. Furthermore, population growth, unemployment and poverty are some of the special factors that have impacted on the health of Newham people.Government should create more job opportunities that will help to reduce the poverty and maintain a standard quality life. Public health polices, plans and strategies need to be use to solve the major issues of premature death and infectious diseases.Some of these approaches could be encouraging people for routine vaccinations for major infectious diseases such as measles, tuberculosis and hepatitis. Moreover, to minimize the deaths associated with cardiovascular disease, people should be encouraged to quit smoking, eat healthy diet, perform dail y physical exercise and apprize ways to control diabetes and high blood pressure.REFERECNESClaydon, A, Richards, D.C and Hill, M. (2013).Article. Living with diabetes A soft review of minority ethnic groups in a deprived London borough. 17(3), 95-100.Harriss, K and Salway, S. (2008). Better Health Briefing 8. Long-term ill health, poverty and ethnicity.Mathur, R, Hull, S.A, Badric, E, Robson, J. (2011). Research article. Cardiovascular multimorbidity the effect of ethnicity on prevalence and risk factor management. 61(586), 262-270.Mathur, R, Hull, S.A, Badric, E, Robson, J. (2012). Research. Effect of ethnicity on the prevalence, severity, andmanagement of COPD in general practice. 76-81NHS Newham, 2010. Joint strategic need assessment.The London Borough of Newham.Avalable at http//www.newham.info/Custom/JSNA/Chapter13HealthyNewham.pdfNewham, London Local Economic sound judgement 2010 to 20279, 2010. Newham London Regeneration panning and property directorate. forthcoming at ht tp//www.newham.info/Custom/ ley/Demographics.pdf.Pevalin, D.J. (2007). Public health. Socio-economic inequalities in health and service utilization in the London Borough of Newham. 121, 596-602Punthakee, Z, Werstuck, G.H and Gerstein, H.C. (2007).Reviews in cardiovascular medicine.Diabetes and cardiovascular disease explaining the relationship. 8(3), 145-153.Snell-Bergeon, J.K and Wadwa, R.P. (2012).Diabetes technology and therapeuitcs. Hypoglycemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. 14(1), 51-58.The Londons Poverty Profile . 2012. Premature death by borough. ONLINE Available athttp//www.londonspovertyprofile.org.uk/indicators/topics/health/premature-death-by-borough/. Accessed 01 December 13.Walker, R, et.al. (2012). Diabetic medicine. Introducing personalized care mean into Newham outcomes of a pilot project.29(8), 1074-1078.